Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology

Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeli...

Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity

Another host factor for SARS-CoV-2 Virus-host interactions determine cellular entry and spreading in tissues. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and th...

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis continues to be a challenging and disabling condition but there is now greater understanding of the underlying genetic and environmental factors that drive th...

Microglia states and nomenclature: A field at its crossroads

Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained by a rolling series of dichotomies such as "resting versus activated" and "M1 versus M2....

Small vessel disease: mechanisms and clinical implications

Small vessel disease is a disorder of cerebral microvessels that causes white matter hyperintensities and several other common abnormalities (eg, recent small subcortical infarc...

Class II HLA interactions modulate genetic risk for multiple sclerosis

Left frontal hub connectivity delays cognitive impairment in autosomal-dominant and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease

Patients with Alzheimer's disease vary in their ability to sustain cognitive abilities in the presence of brain pathology. A major open question is which brain mechanisms may su...