Abstract
Magnetic recording from five normal human adults demonstrates large 40-Hz coherent magnetic activity in the awake and in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep states that is very reduced during delta sleep (deep sleep characterized by delta waves in the electroencephalogram). This 40-Hz magnetic oscillation has been shown to be reset by sensory stimuli in the awake state. Such resetting is not observed during REM or delta sleep. The 40 Hz in REM sleep is characterized, as is that in the awake state, by a fronto-occipital phase shift over the head. This phase shift has a maximum duration of approximately 12-13 msec. Because 40-Hz oscillation is seen in wakefulness and in dreaming, we propose it to be a correlate of cognition, probably resultant from coherent 40-Hz resonance between thalamocortical-specific and nonspecific loops. Moreover, we proposed that the specific loops give the content of cognition, and a nonspecific loop gives the temporal binding required for the unity of cognitive experience.
Keywords
WakefulnessOscillation (cell signaling)Sleep (system call)Non-rapid eye movement sleepK-complexElectroencephalographyNeuroscienceSleep spindleSlow-wave sleepEye movementRapid eye movement sleepPhysicsPsychologyCognitionDelta waveDreamAudiologyNuclear magnetic resonanceChemistryMedicineComputer science
Affiliated Institutions
Related Publications
Language in Dreaming and Regional EEG Alpha Power
In an intensive single-subject design, electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha power and receptive and expressive language in dreaming were studied in 12 dreams during rapid eye mov...
Electroencephalogram Power Density and Slow Wave Sleep as a Function of Prior Waking and Circadian Phase
Human sleep electroencephalograms, recorded in four experiments, were subjected to spectral analysis. Waking prior to sleep varied from 12 to 36 h and sleep was initiated at dif...
THE FIRST NIGHT EFFECT: AN EEG STUDYOF SLEEP
ABSTRACT The electroencephalographic records from 43 subjects who slept for four consecutive nights in a laboratory environment were studied in an effort to describe the First N...
The dreaming brain
* Introduction: A Brain-Based Approach to Dreaming Early Dream Science * The Study of Dreaming in the Nineteenth Century * Psychoanalysis and Dreaming * Dream Investigation in t...
Induction of Visual Imagery During NREM Sleep
In an attempt to induce eye movements (EMs) in non-rapid eye movement sleep, light and sound stimuli were presented to human subjects (at below-waking threshold) during stage 2 ...
Publication Info
- Year
- 1993
- Type
- article
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2078-2081
- Citations
- 954
- Access
- Closed
External Links
Social Impact
Altmetric
PlumX Metrics
Social media, news, blog, policy document mentions
Citation Metrics
954
OpenAlex
Cite This
R. Llinás,
Urs Ribary
(1993).
Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans..
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
, 90
(5)
, 2078-2081.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1073/pnas.90.5.2078