Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 537 million people worldwide, with its prevalence and complications continuing to rise despite advancements in treatment. Identifying novel biomarkers associated with glycemic control and diabetic complications remains crucial for improving disease management. We aimed to assess and quantify the association between serum levels of CA19-9 and CEA with T2DM and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. A literature search was conducted using various databases and twelve eligible studies that reported serum levels of CA19-9 or/and CEA in T2DM patients and non-diabetic adult group were included. The pooled analysis was conducted using the random-effects model in Review Manager 5.4.1. To explore the cause of heterogeneity, sub-group analysis and meta-regression was performed. This study highlights significant association between diabetes and elevated tumor markers. The association of CA 19-9 with BMI underscores the potential role of metabolic dysregulation. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-025-00863-5.
Keywords
FrustrationAction (physics)PsychologyDrugNeurosciencePsychiatryPhysics
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Publication Info
- Year
- 1977
- Type
- book-chapter
- Pages
- 433-529
- Citations
- 374
- Access
- Closed
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Cite This
Jeffrey A. Gray
(1977).
Drug Effects on Fear and Frustration: Possible Limbic Site of Action of Minor Tranquilizers.
Drugs, Neurotransmitters, and Behavior
, 433-529.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3180-3_10
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1007/978-1-4684-3180-3_10
- PMID
- 41356117
- PMCID
- PMC12675849