<i>Planck</i>2018 results

Abstract

The European Space Agency’s Planck satellite, which was dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 October 2013, producing deep, high-resolution, all-sky maps in nine frequency bands from 30 to 857 GHz. This paper presents the cosmological legacy of Planck , which currently provides our strongest constraints on the parameters of the standard cosmological model and some of the tightest limits available on deviations from that model. The 6-parameter ΛCDM model continues to provide an excellent fit to the cosmic microwave background data at high and low redshift, describing the cosmological information in over a billion map pixels with just six parameters. With 18 peaks in the temperature and polarization angular power spectra constrained well, Planck measures five of the six parameters to better than 1% (simultaneously), with the best-determined parameter ( θ * ) now known to 0.03%. We describe the multi-component sky as seen by Planck , the success of the ΛCDM model, and the connection to lower-redshift probes of structure formation. We also give a comprehensive summary of the major changes introduced in this 2018 release. The Planck data, alone and in combination with other probes, provide stringent constraints on our models of the early Universe and the large-scale structure within which all astrophysical objects form and evolve. We discuss some lessons learned from the Planck mission, and highlight areas ripe for further experimental advances.

Keywords

Affiliated Institutions

• University of California, Berkeley US
• Université Paris Cité FR
• Jet Propulsion Laboratory US
• Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules FR
• Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati IT
• University of Manchester GB
• Sorbonne Université FR
• University of Padua IT
• California Institute of Technology US
• AlbaNova SE
• Aix-Marseille Université FR
• University of Toronto CA
• Roche (France) FR
• Universidad de La Laguna ES
• Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna IT
• University of California, Davis US
• Polish Academy of Sciences PL
• University of Oslo
• European Space Astronomy Centre ES
• Sorbonne Paris Cité FR
• UNSW Sydney AU
• Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram IN
• African Institute for Mathematical Sciences ZA
• Stellenbosch University ZA
• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FR
• Universidad de Oviedo ES
• Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères FR
• Instituto de Física de Cantabria ES
• Helsinki Institute of Physics FI
• Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale FR
• Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna IT
• Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova IT
• National Institute of Science Education and Research IN
• Imperial College London GB
• Universidad de Cantabria ES
• University of Helsinki FI
• Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova IT
• University of Sussex GB
• Université Paris-Saclay FR
• Cardiff University GB
• Trieste Astronomical Observatory IT
• Université Paris Sciences et Lettres FR
• Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives FR
• University of Ferrara IT
• Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier FR
• University of Milan IT
• Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna IT
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory US
• Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PL
• University of Cambridge GB
• Université Paris-Sud FR
• University of Geneva CH
• University of British Columbia CA
• Sun Yat-sen University CN
• University of KwaZulu-Natal ZA
• Leiden University NL
• University of Lisbon PT
• Stockholm University SE
• Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe JP
• University of the Western Cape ZA
• Simon Fraser University CA
• Université Grenoble Alpes FR
• Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias ES
• University of Chicago US
• Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio
• Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences PT
• Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics DE
• Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris FR
• Princeton University US
• Sapienza University of Rome IT
• Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara IT
• University of Warsaw PL
• The University of Tokyo JP
• Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées FR
• National Institute for Astrophysics IT

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