Abstract
Simulated annealing is a powerful optimization technique based on the annealing phenomenon in crystallization. In this paper we propose a simulated sintering technique which is analogous to the sintering process in material processing. In sintering one improves the quality of a processed material by heating it to a temperature close to the melting point. Analogously, we show that by starting out with a good initial configuration instead of a random configuration, and restricting uphill moves, we can considerably speed up simulated annealing. We use this idea for a standard cell placement program - GRIM in LTX2, an AT&T Bell Labs VLSI layout system. The initial configuration is produced either by changes to a layout the designer had done previously, or else by a fast program like min-cut. We obtain improvements of about 10% in chip area starting from a min-cut placement, in times about 3 times faster than our simulated annealing program (which itself is several times faster than other well known simulated annealing programs).
Keywords
Simulated annealingAnnealing (glass)SinteringVery-large-scale integrationComputer scienceCrystallizationMaterials scienceChipComposite materialAlgorithmEmbedded systemChemical engineeringEngineering
Affiliated Institutions
Related Publications
Minimizing multimodal functions of continuous variables with the “simulated annealing” algorithm—Corrigenda for this article is available here
A new global optimization algorithm for functions of continuous variables is presented, derived from the “Simulated Annealing” algorithm recently introduced in combinatorial opt...
An efficient eigenvector approach for finding netlist partitions
A fast eigenvector technique for obtaining good initial node partitions of netlists for use in interchange heuristics is described. The method is based on approximating the netl...
The Autophagic and Endocytic Pathways Converge at the Nascent Autophagic Vacuoles
We used an improved cryosectioning technique in combination with immunogold cytochemistry and morphometric analysis to study the convergence of the autophagic and endocytic path...
Quantum Dot Sensitization of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells
A high surface area pn-heterojunction between TiO2 and an organic p-type charge transport material (spiro-OMeTAD) was sensitized to visible light using lead sulfide (PbS) quantu...
Simulation-Based Optimization with Stochastic Approximation Using Common Random Numbers
The method of Common Random Numbers is a technique used to reduce the variance of difference estimates in simulation optimization problems. These differences are commonly used t...
Publication Info
- Year
- 1987
- Type
- article
- Pages
- 56-59
- Citations
- 39
- Access
- Closed
External Links
Social Impact
Altmetric
PlumX Metrics
Social media, news, blog, policy document mentions
Citation Metrics
39
OpenAlex
Cite This
Lov K. Grover
(1987).
Standard cell placement using simulated sintering.
, 56-59.
https://doi.org/10.1145/37888.37896
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1145/37888.37896