Charles E. Osgood

The Measurement of Meaning

In this pioneering study, the authors deal with the nature and theory of meaning and present a new, objective method for its measurement which they call the semantic differentia...

The nature and measurement of meaning.

The language process within an individual may be viewed as a more or less continuous interaction between two parallel systems of behavioral organization: sequences of central ev...

THE SEMANTICS OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AND THE PREDICTION OF THE MEANINGS OF STEREOSCOPICALLY FUSED FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

Two experiments were concerned with scaling affective meanings of posed facial expressions using a specially devised form of semantic differential and with determining the exten...

Studies on the generality of affective meaning systems.

The pollyanna hypothesis