This study investigates the interaction mechanisms between the dibber, soil, and garlic during directional garlic seeding using the Discrete Element Method (DEM), aiming to improve planting uprightness and planting-depth consistency. A discrete element model of the garlic seeding process was established to analyze the dynamic interactions among the dibber, soil, and garlic from a microscopic perspective, and the reliability of the simulation results was verified through macroscopic experiments. The results show that dibbling depth, lifting height, dibbling speed ratio, and soil-particle surface energy are key factors influencing planting uprightness and depth consistency. Within a certain range, increasing the dibbling depth and lifting height significantly improves uprightness, although the effect diminishes beyond critical thresholds. The influence of the dibbling speed ratio on uprightness exhibits a nonlinear trend, in which both excessively low and excessively high ratios reduce uprightness. In addition, lower soil-particle surface energy leads to increased uprightness and improved soil backfilling performance. Experimental validation confirmed strong agreement between the simulation and physical test results, with an average relative error of less than 10%. This study provides a theoretical foundation and numerical simulation tools for optimizing directional garlic seeding technology, offering important guidance for improving planting uprightness and planting-depth consistency.
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