Abstract
▪ Abstract Large-genome eukaryotes use heritable cytosine methylation to silence promoters, especially those associated with transposons and imprinted genes. Cytosine methylation does not reinforce or replace ancestral gene regulation pathways but instead endows methylated genomes with the ability to repress specific promoters in a manner that is buffered against changes in the internal and external environment. Recent studies have shown that the targeting of de novo methylation depends on multiple inputs; these include the interaction of repeated sequences, local states of histone lysine methylation, small RNAs and components of the RNAi pathway, and divergent and catalytically inert cytosine methyltransferase homologues that have acquired regulatory roles. There are multiple families of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases in eukaryotes, and each family appears to be controlled by different regulatory inputs. Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, which regulate most aspects of gene expression, do not appear to be involved in the establishment or maintenance of genomic methylation patterns.
Keywords
BiologyRNA-Directed DNA MethylationDNA methylationMethyltransferaseMethylationEpigenetics of physical exerciseGeneticsCytosineEpigeneticsHistone methyltransferaseEpigenomicsPromoter5-MethylcytosineGeneGene expression
MeSH Terms
AnimalsArabidopsisBacteriaDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferasesDNA MethylationEukaryotic CellsGenomic InstabilityHumansInvertebratesModelsMolecularPhylogeny
Affiliated Institutions
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Publication Info
- Year
- 2005
- Type
- review
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 481-514
- Citations
- 2035
- Access
- Closed
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Cite This
Mary Goll,
Timothy H. Bestor
(2005).
EUKARYOTIC CYTOSINE METHYLTRANSFERASES.
Annual Review of Biochemistry
, 74
(1)
, 481-514.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.010904.153721
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.010904.153721
- PMID
- 15952895