Abstract
Abstract Abstract Based on the GlobalEd inter‐university computer conference, this study examined how effective “social presence” is as a predictor of overall learner satisfaction in a text‐based medium. The stepwise regression analysis converged on a three‐predictor model revealing that social presence (the degree to which a person is perceived as “real” in mediated communication), student perception of having equal opportunity to participate, and technical skills accounted for about 68% of the explained variance. Social presence alone contributed about 60% of this variance, suggesting that it may be a very strong predictor of satisfaction. Reliability data on the social presence scale is provided. The results also indicated that participants who felt a higher sense of social presence enhanced their socio‐emotional experience by using emoticons to express missing nonverbal cues in written form. These findings have implications for designing academic computer conferences where equal attention must be paid to designing techniques that enhance social presence.
Keywords
PsychologyStepwise regressionNonverbal communicationVariance (accounting)Social psychologyPerceptionComputer-mediated communicationScale (ratio)Regression analysisComputer scienceDevelopmental psychologyThe Internet
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Publication Info
- Year
- 1997
- Type
- article
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 8-26
- Citations
- 1944
- Access
- Closed
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Cite This
Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena,
Frank Zittle
(1997).
Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computer‐mediated conferencing environment.
American Journal of Distance Education
, 11
(3)
, 8-26.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08923649709526970
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1080/08923649709526970