Carol S. Dweck

A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.

Past work has documented and described major patterns of adaptive and maladaptive behavior: the mastery-oriented and the helpless patterns. In this article, we present a researc...

Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement.

This study tested a framework in which goals are proposed to be central determinants of achievement patterns. Learning goals, in which individuals seek to increase their compete...

An analysis of learned helplessness: Continuous changes in performance, strategy, and achievement cognitions following failure.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champa ign Helpless children show marked performance decrements under failure, whereas mastery-oriented children often show enhanced performance...

Determinants of academic achievement: The interaction of children's achievement orientations with skill area.

An analysis of learned helplessness: II. The processing of success.

Helpless children attribute their failures to lack of ability and view them as insurmountable. Mastery-oriented children, in contrast, tend to emphasize motivational factors and...

Implicit theories, attributions, and coping: A meaning system approach.

This research sought to integrate C. S. Dweck and E. L. Leggett's (1988) model with attribution theory. Three studies tested the hypothesis that theories of intelligence—the bel...

The Impact of Social Cues on Children's Behavior.

Helplessness in Early Childhood: The Role of Contingent Worth

The role of expectations and attributions in the alleviation of learned helplessness.

The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether altering attributions for failure would enable learned helpless children to deal more effectively with failure in an ex...

A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement

Mindsets: A View From Two Eras

A growth mindset is the belief that human capacities are not fixed but can be developed over time, and mindset research examines the power of such beliefs to influence human beh...

Mindset: the new psychology of success

Every so often a truly groundbreaking idea comes along. This is one. Mindset explains: Why brains and talent don’t bring success How they can stand in the way of it Why prais...

A social^cognitive approach to motivation and personality.

Learned helplessness and reinforcement responsibility in children.

In an attempt to demonstrate the effects of low expectancy of reinforcement and low expectancy for control of reinforcement on performance in an achievement situation, 40 fifth-...

Young Children's Vulnerability to Self-Blame and Helplessness: Relationship to Beliefs about Goodness

Motivational processes affecting learning.

Self-theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development

Preface. Introduction. 1. What Promotes Adaptive Motivation? Four Beliefs and Four Truths about Ability, Success, Praise, and Confidence. 2. When Failure Undermines and When Fai...