Marco Dorigo

Robot shaping: developing autonomous agents through learning

Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents

An analogy with the way ant colonies function has suggested the definition of a new computational paradigm, which we call ant system (AS). We propose it as a viable new approach...

Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem

This paper introduces the ant colony system (ACS), a distributed algorithm that is applied to the traveling salesman problem (TSP). In the ACS, a set of cooperating agents calle...

Solving symmetric and asymmetric TSPs by ant colonies

We present ACS, a distributed algorithm for the solution of combinatorial optimization problems which was inspired by the observation of real colonies of ants. We apply ACS to b...