Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death

Abstract

Cells succumbing to stress via regulated cell death (RCD) can initiate an adaptive immune response associated with immunological memory, provided they display sufficient antigenicity and adjuvanticity. Moreover, multiple intracellular and microenvironmental features determine the propensity of RCD to drive adaptive immunity. Here, we provide an updated operational definition of immunogenic cell death (ICD), discuss the key factors that dictate the ability of dying cells to drive an adaptive immune response, summarize experimental assays that are currently available for the assessment of ICD in vitro and in vivo, and formulate guidelines for their interpretation.

Keywords

Affiliated Institutions

• Lander Institute IL
• Sotio (Czechia) CZ
• Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine CN
• Université Paris Cité FR
• Royal Marsden Hospital GB
• Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris FR
• Helsinki University Hospital FI
• The University of Melbourne AU
• Refuge Biotechnologies (United States) US
• University of Manchester GB
• Sorbonne Université FR
• Humanitas University IT
• Yale University US
• National Cancer Institute US
• Universidad de Navarra ES
• Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) US
• Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IT
• Universidade de São Paulo BR
• NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre GB
• VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research BE
• University of Turin IT
• Centrum für Integrierte Onkologie DE
• Karolinska Institutet SE
• Istituto Superiore di Sanità IT
• Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre AU
• Massachusetts General Hospital US
• Universitätsklinikum Erlangen DE
• Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore IT
• iRepertoire (United States) US
• Charles University CZ
• QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute AU
• Italian institute for Genomic Medicine IT
• VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology BE
• Institut Gustave Roussy FR
• UiT The Arctic University of Norway
• Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal CA
• University of Helsinki FI
• Université de Montréal CA
• The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center US
• Candiolo Cancer Institute IT
• Cornell University US
• Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers FR
• Université Paris-Saclay FR
• Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center US
• Clinica Universidad de Navarra ES
• Swim Across America US
• Center for Cancer Research US
• Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou FR
• KU Leuven BE
• Nanostring Technologies (United States) US
• Southwestern Medical Center
• Institute of Cancer Research GB
• Université Sorbonne Nouvelle FR
• Essa Pharma (United States) US
• Université Paris-Sud FR
• Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy US
• Yale Cancer Center US
• Lytix Biopharma (Norway)
• Ludwig Cancer Research CH
• Hôpital Européen FR
• National Institutes of Health US
• Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo BR
• Ghent University BE
• University of Pittsburgh US
• Inserm FR
• Karolinska University Hospital SE
• University of California, San Diego US
• McMaster University CA
• University of Lausanne CH
• Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College CN
• Multimeric Biotherapeutics (United States) US

Related Publications